Standard size of staircase | Components of staircase | How to calculate number of risers |civil tuto

Standard size of staircase | Components of staircase | How to calculate number of risers |civil tuto

In ancient times, people used to construct only single-story houses and shelters. Later on, they realized that the space above the ground level could be utilized to increase the amount of space a structure could offer. Which led to the thought of constructing multi-storied houses. Although it was difficult to access the upper floors which gave rise to the invention of โ€œStairsโ€ which enabled the users of these buildings to access the upper levels with the addition of multiple floors. In todayโ€™s world, stairs can be made even more accessible to people with all levels of physical ability through the installation of stairlifts and ramps.

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In this lecture, Iโ€™m going to discuss some important details regarding staircases, in which I will discuss, what should be the standard size of a staircase, the maximum and minimum standard sizes of risers and treads, the maximum and minimum size of flight width, and landing. Iโ€™m also going to discuss, how to calculate the number of risers and what should be the minimum spacing between 2 flights in a staircase. Before proceeding further, let me introduce you to the main components of a staircase

1) Tread: The top horizontal surface of a step over which foot is placed while ascending or descending a stairway is known as โ€œTreadโ€
2) Riser: The vertical member of a step is known as โ€œRiserโ€. It provides support and connection between successive treads.
3) Rise: The vertical height between two consecutive treads is known as rise.
4) Landing: The horizontal platform which is provided between two successive flights in a staircase is known as landing.
5) Flight: Flight is a continuous series of steps without any break between landings or between landing and flooring.
6) Waist slab: The thickness of the slab which is provided to support the steps is known as the waist slab.

Standard sizes of staircases (Residential buildings)
Size of riser = 6โ€™โ€™ to 7.5โ€™โ€™ or 150mm to 190mm
Size of tread = 10โ€™โ€™ or 250mm
Width of flight = 3โ€™ to 3โ€™6โ€™โ€™ or 0.9m to 1.1m

Standard sizes of staircases (Commercial buildings)
Size of riser = 5โ€™โ€™ to 6โ€™โ€™ or 120mm to 150mm
Size of tread = 1โ€™ or 300mm
Width of flight = 5โ€™ to 6โ€™ or 1.5m to 1.8m
The minimum width of landing should be kept greater or equal to the width of the flight

How to calculate the total number of risers required for a staircase?
Suppose we have the given height equal to 2.4m in which we need to calculate the total number of risers required for completing a flight. Letโ€™s take the size of each riser = 150mm.

Total number of risers required = Height of floor/size of 1 riser = 2400/150 = 16.
This means we need 16 no of risers for completing the 2.4m floor height.
It must be noted that the first flight should be kept at a height of 7โ€™ or more from the ground floor so that the space beneath it could be utilized for other purposes.

The spacing between two flights must be kept between 4.5โ€™โ€™ to 6โ€™โ€™ or 114mm to 150mm.

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